Abiotic Tree Diseases

Learn how non-living stressors like drought and soil compaction silently impact your trees—and what you can do to protect them.

May 5, 2025

Austin

By Levi Williams

A list of symptoms of abiotic tree diseases found in Central Texas.

Abiotic Tree Diseases

It's not hard to understand how much trees give to society day to day. They offer ecological, economic, and aesthetic benefits to the landscape. Many people are familiar with tree diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and insects (biotic factors), many tree health problems are actually due to abiotic factors (non living). These conditions are categorized as abiotic tree diseases or disorders.

Large and small tree comparable costs for abiotic tree diseases.

What Are Abiotic Tree Diseases?

Abiotic tree diseases are caused by environmental or human caused activities rather than living organism issues.  These diseases are not infectious, but instead arise when environmental conditions align.

Abiotic tree disorders include:

  • Drought / Overwatering 
  • Mulch misuse (mulch volcano) 
  • Extreme temperatures (heat/frost)
  • Soil compaction (vehicle/foot traffic compaction)
  • Poor drainage 
  • Pollution
  • Mechanical injuries
  • Nutrient deficiencies  
Proper mulching comparison chart for tree care maintenance.

Symptoms of Abiotic Disorders

Most abiotic disease signs tend to look almost exactly how many biotic disease signs appear making it difficult for tree owners to distinguish the cause.

Signs include:

  1. Leaves
  • Wilting
  • Yellowing
  • Browning 
  • Leaf scorch / premature leaf drop

  1. Structural
  • Cracked / splitting bark
  • Stunted growth
  • Dieback in upper part of canopy
  • Fungal root rot
  • Root damage / dieback

Fungal root rot shown below:

Fungal root rot on a tree.

What can be done?

Unfortunately, there is no outright cure for these issues. Although, there are many preventive actions that can be taken:

  • Proper pruning practices (proper timing)
  • Proper watering during times of drought (not over watering or underwatering) 
  • Proper mulching 
  • Avoiding mechanical damage (hitting trees with objects) 
  • Diagnosis of soil compaction and nutrient deficiencies,  
  • Correct management of tree species planting and placement 

Weed wacked trees root collars are very common (as shown below):

Weed wacked tree

Conclusion

Most tree problems aren't caused by pests or disease—they're due to environmental stress. That’s why our ISA-certified arborists at Tree Scouts are trained to diagnose and prevent these hidden threats. Protect your investment—your trees—with a free consultation today.